Solenoid Operated Piston Pump Engineering Essay

Solenoid Operated Piston Pump Engineering Essay This task is planned for breaking down and structuring a solenoid worked cylinder siphon which is equipped for conveying arrangement (this report expect water) at a stream pace of 1 liter/min. In any case, the client use requires the stream rate to stay somewhere in the range of 0.9 and 1.1 liter/min at an encompassing weight of around 1 bar. The activity method of the cylinder siphon is portrayed underneath utilizing the chart: OscillPistonPump Fig 1.1 Solenoid Operated Piston Pump1 The solenoid loop (4) creates an electromagnetic field by the single wave diode redressed current moving through the curl. Every current heartbeat moves the cylinder (5) against the weight spring (3). This development diminishes the volume in the attractions chamber causing an expansion in pressure (P a 1/V), which opens the valve (6) in the cylinder, along these lines permitting the fluid to run into the weight side. At the point when the current following up on the solenoid beat is off, the weight spring pushes back the cylinder toward the weight side. The expansion of weight brought about by the cylinder development shuts the cylinder valve (6) and the fluid moves through the valve (7) set in the weight association (8) and into the weight pipe. The cylinder development likewise all the while builds the volume in the attractions chamber, in this way decreasing the weight underneath the chamber. The low weight in the attractions chamber opens the valve (2) set in the pull associatio n (1), and the fluid is sucked into the siphon and the cycle begins once more. The cylinder size and the length of its removal characterize the stream rate. The siphon will run without harm when the fluid stream is halted momentarily1. This plan focused on the cylinder, attractions chamber and weight springs structure. In spite of the fact that references were made to the valves and solenoid power, designing investigation were not done on them. Part 2 Introductory ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS This area considered the building examination of the activity of the cylinder siphon to accomplish the require details. The given details are; Stream rate Q = 1 Lit/min Recurrence F = 60 cycles/sec Encompassing Pressure = 1 bar Utilizing the above determinations, the length of stroke of the cylinder, which is likewise named as the â€Å"Swept Volume†, can be determined utilizing the connection underneath: Q = Volumetime=Volume Ãâ€"recurrence = Ï€ d2 L4 Ãâ€"f âˆ'L= 4QÏ€d2f Where: Q = Flow Rate =1 lit/min= 1.667 Ãâ€"104 mm3/sec f = Frequency (cycles/sec) L = Length of stroke/Swept volume (mm) d = Diameter of cylinder/attractions chamber (mm) The width was changed from 1 to 20 mm and the comparing lengths of stroke were gotten at various frequencies of 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 cycles/sec. The outcomes got were plotted (See addendum 1). After cautious look, the recurrence at 40 cycle/sec, so resulting estimations would be founded on this. It was likewise seen that sensible pair of measurements of the distance across and length happened around the breadths 5-10mm, consequently ensuing counts depended on this range. 2.1 LOAD ANALYSIS The heap examination was done on every segment planned as demonstrated underneath: A. Cylinder: The heap examination on the cylinder was finished by separating the cylinder and investigating the powers acting it. The various powers following up on the cylinder are as demonstrated as follows: Power on cylinder causing speeding up Attractive power from solenoid curl Resultant spring power Kinematic frictional power Gravitational power Resultant pressure driven power (counting expected gooey impact) This is expecting that nuclear, introductory static frictional power and temperature impacts are irrelevant. The power investigations were done considering three unique cases under which the siphon activity can experience. The admission and discharge strokes were additionally broke down independently to lessen entanglements. The contrast between the admission and discharge stroke is that, the attractive power from the solenoid is zero during launch, in light of the fact that the solenoid is off: Case I: This is the point at which the cylinder siphon is utilized on a level plane, that is, it is utilized to siphon liquid on a similar datum. This implies the gravitational impact and the stature distinction in the water powered power will be zero. The connection between the powers will along these lines be: Admission stroke: Power causing movement = Force from solenoid Resultant spring power Resultant pressure driven power Frictional power Discharge stroke: Power causing movement = Resultant spring power Resultant water driven power Frictional power Case II: This considered the situation when the siphon is utilized to move liquid from a more elevated level to a lower level. This implies the gravitational impact will support the course of stream thusly diminishing the power expected to drive the cylinder. The connection between the powers will in this manner be: Admission stroke: Power causing movement = Force from solenoid Resultant spring power Resultant pressure driven power Frictional power Gravitational power Launch stroke: Power causing movement = Resultant spring power Resultant pressure driven power Frictional power + Gravitational power Case III: This considered the situation when the cylinder siphon is utilized to convey liquid from a lower level to a more elevated level. The contrast between this case and case II is in the gravitational impact and the datum distinction in the water driven impact. The plan load investigation was done under this situation since siphons are normally utilized for this specific reason. Indeed, even with this plan idea, the siphon can in any case be utilized for different cases, however it may convey liquid at a higher stream rate, which could at present be in the limits of the given resistance of the stream rate. The connection between the powers will consequently be: Admission stroke: Power causing movement = Force from solenoid Resultant spring power Resultant pressure driven power Frictional power + Gravitational power Launch stroke: Power causing movement = Resultant spring power Resultant pressure driven power Frictional power Gravitational power. The various powers were determined as follows utilizing the free body chart of the cylinder demonstrated as follows: Figure 2.1 Boundary states of admission and launch strokes Power from solenoid coil= Fs Power on cylinder causing movement = Mpa Where Mp = mass of cylinder kg and a = speeding up of cylinder (mm/s2) Mp= Ï  Ãâ€"V Ï  = Density of material (Stainless steel) =8ãâ€"10-6 (kg/mm3) V=Volume of liquid displced in one stroke mm3= Q Ãâ€"t= Qf where f=45 cycles/sec=90 strokes/sec (2 strokes=1 cycle) Mp= Ï  Ãâ€"Qf=8ãâ€"10-6 Ãâ€"1.667 Ãâ€"10490=1.482ãâ€"10-3 From law of movement; v2= u2+ 2aS u = 0 âˆ'a=v22S Likewise v= St= S Ãâ€"f v=Velocity (mm/s) and S= L=Length of stroke (mm) âˆ'a=L Ãâ€"f22L= L Ãâ€"f22= L Ãâ€"9022 The length was changed from 5 to 10 mm, and various increasing velocities were acquired (See reference section 2). Resultant spring power = K2∆x-K1∆x= ∆xK2-K1= ∆x∆K Where K1 and K2=Stiffness of springs 1 and 2 individually (N/mm) ∆x=L=Stoke length (mm) Kinematic frictional power = ÃŽ ¼kãâ€"N= ÃŽ ¼kãâ€"Mpg Where ÃŽ ¼k=Coefficient of kinematic rubbing N=Normal force= Mpg g=acceleration due to gravity=9810 mm/s2 Gravitational power = Mpg Water driven power = Total Change in Pressure ∆P (N/mm2)Surface Area of Piston A (mm2) From Bernoulllis equationâ P1ï g+ V122g+ Z1= P2ï g+ V222g+ Z2 ∆P= P1-P2=Ï V22-V122+ ∆ZÏ g Q= A1V1= A2V2 , then V2= QA2= A1V1A2 and V1= QA1 ∆P= Ï A1V1A22-V122+ ∆ZÏ g= V12ï 2 A1A22-1+ ∆ZÏ g ∆P= Ï  Q22A12A1A22-1+ ∆ZÏ g Where Q= Flow rate (mm3/s) , Ï  =density of water =1ãâ€"10-6 (kg/mm3) A1and A2=Area mm2â and V1 and V2=Velocity (m/s) ∆Z=L=Length of Stroke mm Counting the release coefficient C = 0.98 to represent gooey impact, ∆P in this manner becomes: ∆P= Ï  Q22C2A12A1A22-1+ Lï g âˆ' Hydraulic power = Ï  Q22C2A12A1A22-1+ LÏ gSurface Area of Piston A mm2 = Ï  Q22C2A12A1A22-1+ LÏ gA2-A1 The powers were logarithmically included concurring the discharge stroke condition created above (case III) to get ?K at various breadth of cylinders, fixing inward width of Piston D2 (comparing to A2) = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5mm (See informative supplement 3). Power causing movement = Resultant spring power Resultant water driven power Frictional power Gravitational power. Mpa= L ∆K-Ï  Q22C2A12A1A22-1+ LÏ gA2-A1-ÃŽ ¼kMpg-Mpg ∆K= 1LMpa+ ÃŽ ¼kg+g+ Ï  Q22C2A12A1A22-1+ LÏ gA2-A1 The water driven impact is because of the liquid constrained out from the pull chamber into the outlet. In this manner the A1 and A2 will be the region of the cylinder and the outlet, relating to breadths D1 and D2 separately. Likewise the outlet distance across was thought to be equivalent to the internal measurement of the cylinder. The outcomes acquired for contrast in solidness ?K above, were utilized to get the power from solenoid loop Fs utilizing the infusion stroke condition above. Additionally extraordinary distance across of cylinder were utilized while changing the inward width of cylinder D2 (comparing to A2) = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5mm (See reference section 4). Considering the admission stroke condition for case III: Power causing movement = Force from solenoid Resultant spring power Resultant water powered power Frictional power + Gravitational power Mpa= Fs-L∆K-Ï  Q22C2A12A1A22-1+ LÏ gA1-ÃŽ ¼kMpg+ Mpg Fs= Mpa+ ÃŽ ¼kg-g+L∆K+ Ï  Q22C2A12A1A22-1+ Lï g A1 The water driven impact is because of the adjustment in pressure as the liquid goes through the cylinder, as a result of the decrease in territory. Along these lines the A1 and A2 will be the region of the cylinder external and inward distance across, relating to breadths D1 and D2 individually. B. Weight Springs: The heap examination of the spring was additionally done by separating the spring and dissecting the powers acting it. Considering the discharge stroke of upper (spring 1), the differe

Illegal Fishing Challenge at the Australian Coast

Question: Talk about theIllegal Fishing Challenge at the Australian Coast. Answer: News story Summary Two Vietnamese angling vessels and their groups have been trapped in the Coral Sea marine park purportedly unlawfully angling around 300 kilometers off the Queensland coast. By Stefan Armburuster: Available from https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/02/17/fringe power seizes-two-vietnamese-blue-pontoons angling queensland On seventeenth of February, 2017, while on their joint tasks, the ABF and AFMA got two Vietnamese pontoons in the Coral Sea marine park. They were found angling illicitly in the marine park after which the specialists took them to Gladstone in Queensland. The Vietnamese team was included 29 individuals and, as detailed by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority, they had gotten around thirteen tons of ocean cucumber, an amount that frightened the specialists. An examination for a penetrate of the Australian fisheries and ecological laws was propelled. It is affirmed that there has been an expanding number of the Vietnamese pontoons in the South pacific waters. It was accounted for that in 2016 alone, the specialists indicted 121 anglers trapped in ten pontoons with 32,000 tons of bche-de-mer. Clearly, there are vessels that were found in Vanuatu toward the finish of January 2017 however figured out how to get away. The specialists of New Caledonia, in a joint activity with the Australian specialists, have propelled observation. The Australian Fisheries Management Authority's general tasks supervisor, Mr. Venslovas, was accounted for saying that outside fishers engaged with illicit angling off the Australian coast will be gotten and arraigned while their vessels chance being annihilated. It was accounted for that eight blue pontoons were demolished a year ago in Cairns and Gladstone while other two sank in the ocean in the wake of bursting into flames. Illicit Fishing Challenge at the Australian Coast Presentation Illicit angling alludes to the activity of reapers and vessels in infringement to the fishery laws frequently under the seaside state ward. Unlawful angling has been one of the numerous issues looked by the Australian government at its coast. The administration through the Australian Fisheries Management Authority has thought of numerous ways to deal with secure the fisheries. For example, the administration screens the catch of fish and helps out different nations to secure the mutual fish stocks (Australian Fisheries Management Authority, n.d.a). Moreover, the administration has set standards and guidelines and ensured that they are clung to by both the fishers and the fish purchasers. The guilty parties discovered acting contra to the standards and guidelines are fined on the spot or charged and indicted (Australian Fisheries Management Authority, n.d.b). Just as of late, two pontoons were gotten unlawfully angling around 300 kilometers off the Australian coast; examinations are i n progress for break of Australian Fisheries and Environmental laws (Armbruster, 2017). This paper talks about why unlawful angling at the Australian coast is an issue, which is influenced by the illicit angling, how illicit angling is recognized by the Australian government, the difficulties in tending to the issues and procedures that can be used to deal with the issue. For what reason is Illegal Fishing at the Australian Coast a Problem? Illicit angling seriously drains the fish stocks in the Australian waters. One of the impacts of illicit angling is that multiple occasions it results to overfishing. At the point when this occurs, particularly in places where low organic efficiency exists; loads of fish are decreased to alarmingly low levels (WWF Global, n.d). Furthermore, the appeal for items, for example, Patagonian toothfish and shark blades which are very beneficial outcomes to proceeded with request thus overfishing. For example, eighty-two fish species were evaluated in the Australian waters in 2005, seventeen of them were found to have drained in number. This exhaustion is because of illicit angling (WWF Global, n.d). Furthermore, utilizing hardware that pulverize the sea living space influence marine capacities unfavorably. A technique, for example, trawling over profound water mountains wipes away wipes that have set aside a long effort to develop (Winton, n.d). Serious and broad illicit angling brings down the market estimation of a fish animal categories. Barrett (1998) shares that when unlawful anglers storm a market with their unregulated gets, the costs of fish decay in this manner. Along these lines, the anglers are compelled to make more gets in order to make benefits. Thus, the lawful fishers working inside the preservation measures to secure the species are antagonistically influenced by the financial decay of the fish. Who is influenced? In any case, illicit angling at the Australian coast influences the legitimate fishers' exchange. As prior referenced the illicit fishers go into a market and thusly, brings about a reduction in the market costs of the fish (Crime Museum, 2017). Thus, anglers need to get more fish in order to make a benefit. This along these lines, brings about a lessening of the fish exchange (Crime Museum, 2017). In this manner, the lawful fishers may turn out to be financially recognized over the long haul. What's more, the illicit angling influences the normal Australians who rely primarily upon a sound marine biological system (Australian Fisheries Management Authority, n.d.a). Furthermore, the marine life is likewise influenced by the unlawful angling. In 1992 the Canadian government suspended the catch of codfish because of its expanded overfishing; that had prompted the breakdown of the angling business (Crime Museum, 2017). Nonetheless, other fish species had migrated to the cod's environmental specialty. In this way, the cods populace couldn't increment proficiently. Furthermore, illicit angling will in general be less biased as large measures of youthful fish are in danger of being gotten preceding multiplication (Barrett, 1998). This will, thus, make it hard for an expansion in stock. How is Illegal Fishing recognized? Right off the bat, illicit angling is identified through reviews. Fisheries officials do an assessment on angling vessels and the ones accepting the fish from the fish pontoons (Australian Fisheries Management Authority, n.d.a). What's more, the Australian government utilizes satellites to follow all Commonwealth angling vessels. The strategy utilizes the utilization of Vessel Monitoring Systems to create routine positional reports. The reports contain data on the present area of the vessel, the speed, and its course. Quickly the positional reports are gotten from the Australian Fisheries Management Authority, a programmed show of information happens as plots on marine diagrams (Australian Fisheries Management Authority, n.d.b). Besides, the outskirt insurance orders complete a nearby watch around the shoreline of Australia. The traditions and outskirt insurance watch are liable for checking for any remote pontoons that are in the Australian waters unlawfully who report such frequencies to the Australian Maritime Security Operations workplaces through hotlines (Border Protection Command, 2009). Difficulties Faced in Addressing Illegal Fishing It is hard to separate among legitimate and unlawful fish. Hidas (2015) states that fish goes over significant distances into our plates, however it is very difficult to recognize which fish was legitimately or illicitly got. Consequently, this presents itself as a method of empowering unlawful angling. Moreover, Hidas (2015) keeps on saying that angling exercises that are contra to the worldwide angling guidelines exhaust fish stocks. These demonstrations hazard the occupation of the individuals relying upon fish for money or food. The European catch declaration is still paper based. The European Union had presented declarations as a method of distinguishing the legally gotten fish items (Hidas, 2015). In any case, to the computerized time, the European Union is utilizing paper-based catch testaments which are inclined to extortion. A few a great many catch endorsements are conveyed to different fringe control posts of European Union nations (Hildas, 2015). Be that as it may, identifying the inventiveness of the catch authentications has been a test. Moreover, some European Union nations are less cautious in the check of catch testaments (Hildas, 2015). Systems that can be utilized to Curb the Illegal Fishing The work of political and innovative will to handle the issue of illicit angling. The possibility group (2015), states that the best test in checking unlawful angling is increasing adequate political intrigue. A political methodology will help in settling the difficulties of unregulated angling. Another system is to utilize researchers who can evaluate the dangers and think of progressively successful methods of checking the issues (Prospect group, 2015). Also, the presentation of innovative intrigue will empower nations to share data and vessels henceforth reassuring straightforwardness. The International Plan of Action can likewise be used. It is planned for disposing of ill-conceived angling using neighborhood and global fisheries the board associations. Also, the state permits a total impact of the global law. End All in all, it is apparent that illicit angling has been a threat both in the Australian coast and in the remainder of the world nations. The circumstance is portrayed by exhaustion of the fish stocks, decimation of the marine living space when damaging angling vessels are utilized such trawling, the market estimation of some fish species is unfavorably influenced. These unlawful angling issues influence the lawful fishers, who rely upon fish for food and pay, and the marine life also. Subsequently, the Australian government conducts investigations on the fishers vessels and the purchasers also. Also it utilizes satellites to follow the district pontoons in the push to check unlawful angling. Consequently, the Australian government and considerably different nations have invested a push to guarantee the illicit angling is totally

Columbia Dual Degree When do I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Columbia Dual Degree When do I apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A question our office commonly receives is, I am interested in applying to a dual degree program with SIPA and another Columbia school. When do most applicants apply to dual degree programs at Columbia? The rule at Columbia is that you must be admitted into a dual degree program no later than half way through your first degree. For most students this means that they must apply no later than the completion of the first semester of study. For example, the program at SIPA is a two-year program. If someone who started at SIPA wished to apply for a dual degree with another school, the application to the dual degree school would need to be completed roughly around the end of the first semester at SIPA. Most programs have an application deadline sometime in the months between December and February. Thus, if someone completed their first year at SIPA, it would be too late to apply for a dual degree with another school. Because of the tight time line, our recommendation is that if an applicant knows they are interested in a dual degree program with another Columbia school, it is wise to apply to both programs at the same time. This will require that an application be submitted to each school separately and there is no joint committee that reviews applications. The Admissions Committee at each school will make an independent decision. If admitted to both schools the applicant can choose where they would like to begin. For a list of dual degree programs, please click here.

Biography of Burrhus Frederic Skinner Essays - 1329 Words

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Obsessive Compulsive Eating Disorder Essay - 595 Words

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Complexity And Contradiction In Architecture A Gentle...

Architectural works can be richer by reevaluating the complexity Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture by Robert venturi addresses architecture as the only place where redundant and simple construction, in thinking and in material reality takes shape. The objective of the series was to explore and promote ideas that were too complex or involved for exhibit, and were therefore written on museum exhibition. Though Venturis utilizes many photographic examples to support his arguments, the points he makes in Complexity and Contradiction are probably too involved and discursive to explain in a museum or gallery context. Even so, his are generally outlined in No straightforward Architecture: A Gentle Manifesto. This opening†¦show more content†¦Some examples of this type of architectural recycling include old palazzos transformed into embassies or museum, or old city walls that become boulevards around downtown in later centuries. Systems, laws and order are the Conventional Element. While there are no fixed laws in architecture, Venturi explains that architects must decide what will work in a particular building or project. This rule also applies on a larger scale when considering neighborhoods, even cities. In this way, the complexities and contradictions at the heart of this book should manifest themselves in the architectural program as a reflection of those complexities and contradictions inherent in daily living. Several ideologies of architects are compared and contrasted within this chapter: Mies: create order out of the desperate confusion of our time; Kahn: by order I do not mean orderliness, and Le Corbusier, There is no work of art without a system. Though Venturis opinions seem to be more in line with Kahns statement, he credits the idea of order in some ways, suggesting that order must exist before it can be broken. In order to create the anomalies and uncertainties that give validity to architec ture, the architecture must be reacting against something. So, while there are no fixed laws,

Artemisia Gentileschi Example For Students

Artemisia Gentileschi Biography Artemisia Gentileschi was an early Italian painter of the Baroque era, the first woman elected to the Academy of Painting in Florence and the only female follower of Caravaggio, whom she worked with in Italy in the early 17th century. She was one of the earliest female painters to enter into the male-dominated artistic community of the time. Her innovative compositions in art and focus on Biblical heroines set her apart from her male contemporaries and have led to the celebration of Gentileschi as a painter with a uniquely female perspective. For many years she was regarded as a curiosity. Today she is regarded as one of the most progressive and expressive painters of her generation. Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in painting3 Famous paintings made by Artemisia Gentileschi3.1 Lucretia3.2 Virgin and Child3.3 Judith Slaying Holofernes3.4 Self-portrait3.5 Susanna and the elders Biography Artemisia Gentileschi was born on 8 July 1593 in the family of the well-known in Rome 30-year-old artist Orazio Gentileschi and his 18-year-old wife, Prudentia. Her mother died during childbirth when Artemisia was 12 years old. Her father soon found a replacement for his wife, and Artemisia began to learn the basics of the artists skill. As a young girl, she served as an apprentice to her father, learning the skills of a professional painter. Her drawings were excellent in accuracy. She made her first well-known work at the age of 17, â€Å"Susanna and the Elders.† Being a girl, she was not accepted into any painting academy thus her father hired his colleague, the landscape painter  Agostino Tassi, to give lessons for Artemisia.  In 1612, Tassi raped Gentileschi, an event now inextricably linked to her name.  After a lengthy and painful trial, Tassi was found guilty of rape and jailed for eight months. This event had a tremendously negative impact on Artemisia Gentileschi and her reputation, and the artist suffered from gossip that branded her a promiscuous woman. During some time, Artemisia even waited for Tassi to offer her a marriage this option still looked better than public humiliation. But the marriage did not take place, as it turned out that Agostino Tassi was already married, but he â€Å"forgot to report. Artemisias father quickly arranged marriage, in order to save his daughters honor. She married to Florence painter Pierantonio Stiattesi, and the couple moved to  Florence, where Artemisia Gentileschi became a celebrated artist. She was accepted into a painters academy and befriended Galileo Galilei. Here she worked under the patronage of Cosimo II Medici. In the following decades, she lived in Rome, Venice, Naples, and London, where she worked as a painter for the court of Charles I alongside her father. In the Neapolitan period, the artist first received an order for a fresco painting of the church – in the town of Pozzuoli near Naples. The death of her father in 1939 and the English civil war, led Gentileschi to leave the country.   Then she returned to Naples, where he lived until his death. While there, she painted her â€Å"Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting.† During her life, she painted several different self-portraits. It is not known exactly when she died. It is thought that she was one of many victims of the great pestilence that struck Naples in 1656. Art historian Charles Moffat believes Artemisia may have committed suicide, which would explain why the cause of her death was not recorded. While Gentileschi was a recognized painter in her lifetime, after her death a great deal of her work fell into obscurity and was often attributed to other followers of Caravaggio or to her father. Key Ideas in painting The picturesque manner of Artemisia was not so much influenced by her father Orazio Gentileski as the all-encompassing impact of Caravaggio, manifested both stylistically and thematically. Her paintings combine bright, dramatic effects, expressive cut-off contrasts, and rich colors. .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 , .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .postImageUrl , .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 , .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673:hover , .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673:visited , .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673:active { border:0!important; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673:active , .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673 .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u49d302a2cd1ea859e184cffbc6997673:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Vittore CarpaccioDue to personal circumstances (Artemisia experienced a shameful lawsuit related to sexual violence), the main theme of Gentileschi s creativity was the female ability to defend ones own dignity. For a woman at the beginning of the seventeenth century, Artemisia being a painter represented an uncommon and difficult choice, but not an exceptional one. The famous Italian art critic of the twentieth century Roberto Longhi called her the only woman in Italy who ever knew about painting, coloring, drawing, and other fundamentals. Longhi argued that of the 57 famous paintings of Artemisia Gentileschi, at least 49 depict women, like or even equal to men. Artemisia writes mostly women in her works. In kind, her own body often serves for them. They are always very strong, dominant women, ruling their own destiny. Gentileschi often chose historic and biblical subjects in her drawings that featured a female protagonist: Susanna, Bathsheba, Esther, Judith, etc. Other repetitive plots of famous paintings by Artemisia are Lucretius, Cleopatra, queen of Savsky, that is, glorified women of the past. Famous paintings made by Artemisia Gentileschi Among famous works of Artemisia Gentileschi are â€Å"Samson  and  Delilah,† â€Å"Virgin and Child,† â€Å"Lucretia,† Judith Slaying Holofernes,† â€Å"Madonna and Child,† â€Å"Jael and Sisera.† Using lustrous colors and chiaroscuro soon after the trial, Artemisia Gentileschi painted her most famous work â€Å"Judith Slaying Holofernes† (1612-1613), where her life experiences were expressed. The artwork is remarkable not only for its technical proficiency but for the original way in which Gentileschi portrays Judith, who had long been a popular subject for art. Artemisia will repeat this story many times, outliving painful experiences. Violence against a woman will become the theme of her other artwork like Susanna and the Elders. And the inevitable continuation of this topic will be violence the bloody and terrible female revenge in work Jael and Sisara. Artemisia painted many portraits and famous works during her life and quickly surpassed her father’s fame. Lucretia Virgin and Child Judith Slaying Holofernes Self-portrait Susanna and the elders So, in the history of world Baroque art, Artemisia was an author who was not only talented enough to achieve glory and recognition despite all social and discriminatory conditions in her biography. This is a woman who was able to loudly say we are not worse and get approval officially, at the Academy of Arts level.

Essay on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw free essay sample

â€Å"Pygmalion was written to challenge the class system, traditional stereotypes and the audience’s own views.† To what extent can this statement be considered true of the play? â€Å"Pygmalion both delighted and scandalized its first audiences in 1914†¦ It is†¦ a barbed attack on the British class system and a statement of Shaw’s feminist views.† The play proves this quotation in Act One, where Clara, an upper class lady, says to her brother Freddy, â€Å"It’s too tiresome. Do you expect us to go and get one ourselves?† This quotation shows that women expect the man to fetch a cab. In the late 1800s until about the mid 1900s it was expected for the man to get wet in the rain searching for a cab while the women waited in the dry. Pygmalion is based on Ovid’s Metamorphoses, which is about a sculptor, Pygmalion, who falls in love with the statue he created. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the myth, Aphrodite brings the statue alive, but Pygmalion forgets that as the statue is now human, she has a mind of her own. You can see how George Bernard Shaw has incorporated the myth into his play, where Higgins is so into making Eliza speak correctly, so she can pass as a duchess so he wins his bet against Pickering, he forgets that Eliza has feelings of her own and her own opinions and thoughts, that she can simply walk out if she wants to. The upper classes stereotyped how the lower classes lived. They believed they were uncouth and stupid and called them names such as â€Å"baggage† and â€Å"blackguard.† Professor Higgins calls Eliza a â€Å"squashed cabbage leaf† and an â€Å"incarnate insult to the English language.† Also, in Act One, when Eliza is leaving Covent Garden for Drury Lane, she stops a taxi and says â€Å"I’m going home in a taxi!† The driver tries to hold the door shut against Eliza, but she shows him that she has enough money for the fare. The driver obviously thinks that Eliza is a prostitute and still charges her tuppence extra, but, when they arrive at Drury Lane, the taxi driver humiliates her by not taking the money. He says: â€Å"Keep the shilling†¦ with love from all at home.† This shows that he thinks Eliza is below him and doesn’t believe that she can afford the taxi fare. As we can see from how Shaw portrays Higgins, Shaw is very much a feminist. We can see that in this quotation: â€Å"Women upset everything. When you let them into your life, you find that the woman is driving at one thing and youre driving at another.† This quotation comes from when Higgins and Pickering are discussing women in Act II. This proves that Shaw is a feminist, but it also proves that Shaw is trying to highlight what the upper class are really like, that they are not fair and reasonable, they are belligerent, mean and malicious. In Shaw’s time of living, there were three classes, the Upper Class, the Middle Class and the Lower Class. The upper class were the social elite, going to all the parties and balls, owning the large houses, traveling in taxis and living like the lower class could only dream of. The middle class was the class in between upper class and lower class. They might work for the upper class, being relatively well paid in their job, which might be as butler, or housekeeper. The middle class were able to get these jobs as they had had proper education, at private schools, unlike the lower class. The lower class couldn’t afford education, and only the luckiest lower class person could read or write. Unlike the upper class, who would learn to read and write French or Latin, the lower class could not even afford to learn how to read and write their native language. Shaw portrays the class system as corrupt, highlighting how the classes lived, and how the upper class, in reality, ha d no idea of how the lower class actually lived. People treat Eliza typically of how the upper class treat the lower class. When Freddy knocks into Eliza, we see that he doesn’t help pick up her basket, like a polite gentleman should; instead he just says â€Å"Sorry!† and carries on running to hail a cab for his sister and mother. This shows that the upper class just ignore the lower classes, thinking of them as ‘dirt under their feet’ instead of human beings, just like them, who also have a life to live. Freddy doesn’t seem to realize that just running into Eliza and knocking her flower basket onto the ground, may have cost her a days ‘pay’ from selling her flowers in Covent Garden. Higgins also treats Eliza in the typical upper class – lower class way. He calls her a â€Å"Squashed cabbage leaf† and an â€Å"incarnate insult to the English language.† Also, when Eliza goes to Higgins to request lessons in how to speak formal English, he says: â€Å"Why, this is the girl I jotted down last night. She’s no use†¦ [To the girl] Be off with you: I don’t want you.† This proves that Higgins has already forgotten what he promised Eliza the night before, obviously expecting Eliza to not remember, or just expecting her not to bother coming to him. Whenever Higgins talks to Eliza, he talks down to her, treating her like she is stupid. â€Å"Not t?-yee, mind: if I ever hear you ever say b?-yee c?-yee d?-yee again you shall be dragged round the room three times by the hair of your head.† This proves that as Higgins knows that the lower class, for example Eliza, does not get education, he contradicts her speech and instea d of thinking of Eliza’s colloquial English as another dialect, he thinks of it as an inferior version of English. Instead of writing a biography of his life and his views, Shaw wrote a play, choosing instead to subtly portray his views through the character’s speech and actions. Shaw seems to play slightly with Higgins’ character, sometimes writing Higgins’ speech toward Eliza kind and courteous, other times writing Higgins’ speech to her as cruel and callous. â€Å"Somebody is going to touch you, with a broomstick, if you don’t stop sniveling. Sit down†¦ Here [he offers her his silk handkerchief]! † This shows that Shaw is varying Higgins’ character, making Higgins appear as volatile and capricious as the weather. Shaw likes to show his opinions about women and how they are treated by men through how Higgins treats Eliza. Higgins can be very patronizing towards Eliza, for example: â€Å"What on earth will she want with money She’ll only drink if you give her money She’s incapable of understanding anything.† This shows t hat he has ideas of what the lower classes are like and how they live. He automatically assumes that money Eliza earns, she will squander on alcohol, and he also assumes that she doesn’t know anything. At the beginning of the play, Bernard Shaw shows us how the upper class should treat the lower class through Colonel Pickering. When Higgins is being very patronizing to Eliza, Pickering says, â€Å"Does it occur to you, Higgins, that the girl has some feelings?† This shows that Pickering does have some respect for Eliza, even though she is of a lower status than him, but he still says â€Å"the girl† instead of Miss Doolittle, or Eliza which shows that he knows his place, and his place is higher in the social hierarchy than Eliza’s. At the end of the play, Pickering starts to become more like Higgins, patronizing Eliza, and acting like he was much higher above Eliza. A quotation at the beginning is â€Å"[very courteous] Won’t you sit down?† while a quotation at the end is â€Å"[to Higgins] Still, it’s been a great occasion, a triumph to you. Goodnight. [he goes]† This proves that he doesn’t bother complimenting Eliza on how well she has done, and does not even say goodnight to her, only congratulating and addressing Higgins. This type of behavior is more similar to how Higgins acts, not Pickering. Through Eliza, Shaw shows how the lower classes live and react to how the upper classes treat them. Eliza is quite radical and stands up to what she believes in. Eliza has a very strong character and tries her best to stand up to Higgins, even though he patronizes her and tries to lead her on. â€Å"Oh, we are proud! He aint above giving lessons, not him†¦ If my money’s not good enough I can go somewhere else†¦ It’s a lie: nobody ever saw the sign of liquor on me.† This shows that Eliza is insulted at Higgins’ accusation that if she was given money she would only spend it on alcohol, instead of saving it or spending it on something worthwhile. Where Liza says â€Å"And if my money’s not good enough I can go somewhere else† shows that if Higgins doesn’t want to help her, or is going to over charge her, she is willing to go somewhere else, where she will be more respected. Mrs Pearce is middle class, which is also known as working class. She is of a higher status of Eliza, but she is of a lower status than Higgins and Pickering. This means that she can order Eliza round, and scold Eliza, but she must know her place when she is with Higgins and Pickering, as they are upper class, meaning they are of a higher eminence than Mrs Pearce. â€Å"[To Higgins] A young woman wants to see you sir†¦ [To Eliza] You know you can’t be a nice girl inside if you’re†¦ dirty†¦ outside.† This quotation shows that Mrs Pearce respects Higgins but is quite strict towards Eliza, showing her class, above Eliza, but below Higgins. Shaw highlighted the errors in people’s ideas of how the lower classes lived, and highlighted all the social prejudice, including stereotypical views of women and of the poor. Instead of writing a book about the prejudice and stereotyping, Shaw used the characters in his play, Pygmalion, to put forward his opinions. Pygmalion also showed that whatever class you were in, whether you were born rich or poor, you had a chance to succeed, as we can see with Mr Doolittle and Eliza, where Doolittle is given money by Ezra D. Wannafeller and becomes middle class. When Doolittle ‘sells’ Eliza to Higgins for ?5, Higgins offers him ?10 and Doolittle says, â€Å"Ten pounds is a lot of money: it makes a man feel prudent like; and then goodbye to happiness.† This proves that lower class people felt that if they were to have more money than they needed then they would lose who their personality and become a stereotypical upper class person, having to stay without the high er class’s boundaries and following the rules. Pygmalion did contradict the audience’s views, as the type of people who would read Pygmalion or see it in the theater would be the upper class, as the middle class and the lower class wouldn’t be able to afford it. The upper class were outraged at Shaw’s accusations and portrayals of the upper class. â€Å"Pygmalion†¦ scandalized it’s†¦ audiences in 1914.† This quotation is absolutely true; Pygmalion teaches us how the upper class ostracized the lower class, and the outrageous and demoralizing way in which the lower class were treated. Pygmalion did challenge the traditional stereotypical views of the 20th century and the class system. Mostly, Shaw explains to us through Higgins, where Higgins is being condescending, contradicting and demoralizing towards Eliza, including where he says: â€Å"I wonder where†¦ my slippers are! ‘Eliza looks at him darkly; then rises suddenly and leaves the room†¦ Eliza returns with a pair of†¦ slippers†¦ Higgins†¦catches sight of the slippers†¦ and looks at them as if they has appeared there of their own accord.’† This shows that Eliza is annoyed at having to fetch Higgins’ slippers for him when he does not even notice that she has brought them to him.

kenpo made easy essays

kenpo made easy essays The Rules and Characteristics of Kenpo The first rule of Kenpo is proper awareness. All successful self defense is predicated upon this rule. You can not successfully defend yourself if you are not properly aware. It does not matter if you hold a black belt, if you are armed with a weapon, or if you can bench press 400 pounds. If you are not aware, then you will be injured or killed. Only through this, the first rule of Kenpo, is one protected from all of the forms of violence, i.e. direct violence, indirect violence, chance encounter, or reckless/negligent violence. A simple code for reminding us of awareness is the color code of combat. White = relaxed and unalert. Yellow = relaxed but alert. Orange = anticipating a problem. Red = action is occurring. Black = deadly force confrontation. The second rule of Kenpo is fighting spirit. This rule can be summed up in the epigram: "will beats skill". More properly stated: "will without skill beats skill without will." The development of fighting spirit is absolutely necessary in order to implement any of the physical skills of Kenpo. It involves the "never give up" attitude but extends beyond that to the willingness to cause trauma and even death to an attacker(s). It is the fuel needed to ignite and power a self defense technique during an actual gut check assault. The third component of Kenpo is physical skill. Physical skill is embodied in and developed through the curriculum of Kenpo. Numerous self defense techniques are taught for a variety of self defense situations. These situations include escapes and counters for grabs, pushes, holds, locks, chokes, throws, punches and kicks. As one's skill develops, escapes and counters to multiple assailants is learned. Next, unarmed defenses against various weapons attacks are learned. These include attacks with sticks, knives, and pistols. At the highest level, spontaneous responses are initiated against any combination of attacks, i.e. ...

Ethnic and morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnic and morality - Essay Example Friedrich Nietzsche had a personal belief that morality is anti-nature. In fact, Nietzsche states that, â€Å"Every naturalism in morality-that is every health morality-is dominated by an instinct of life† (349). Indeed, Nietzsche helps us to define the idea of anti-nature by asserting that a human being is seemingly refuting the reality by denying their personal passion. In fact, according to Nietzsche and his moral philosophy, the healthiest moralities accommodate natural aspects while the unhealthy moralities negate nature. Nature derives human desires, which consequently define individual personality and how human beings behave. As such, I hold this fact and strongly oppose Nietzsche’s notion that morality is anti-nature. Friedrich Nietzsche observes that human beings should have the free will to choose what they want without coercion from any external forces. He further quotes that, â€Å"Anti-natural molarity-that is almost every morality which has so far been ta ught, revered, and preached-turns conversely against the instincts of life: it is condemnation of these instincts† (349). He also disputed the common notion that religions like Christianity drive human life and consequently asserted that religion and dominance of morality inhibits human nature. In this context, Nietzsche argued that ardent followers of a certain religion ignore the nature of humanity since religion forces individuals to behave in a manner that will please the supreme ruler of the reference religion. Friedrich Nietzsche holds that religion especially Christianity opposes human nature because it gives a leeway to individuals to adopt religious doctrines about human life hence limiting individuals from celebrating nature. Indeed, Nietzsche states that the most general foundation of every religion and morality is, â€Å"Do this and that, refrain from this and that,-then you will be happy† (352)! He uses this explanation to support the concept of anti-nature in morality. Notably, Nietzsche refers to morality as anti-nature by asserting that human desires control what individuals do, do not do, and confirms that morality distracts the course of nature. Nevertheless, various philosophers identify with the fact that nature generates human desires that consequently define human personality and morality. For instance, Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy and other philosophers like Locke and Hobbes argues that moral requirements rely on a standard of rationality which is either based on desire instrumental principles of rationality or on rational intuition. This contradicts with Nietzsche’s assumption that human nature is prone to alteration by both morality and religion. Most specifically, I note that Nietzsche depicts religious people like Christians as hypocrites who can do anything to please God at the expense of altering their human nature. Ideally, Christians are rational beings who do not have such morality. Indeed, very fe w Christians would identify with Nietzsche’s argument since his ideas discourage Christians from following their religion. Notably, Nietzsche’s argument that religion alters human nature by allowing Christians to adopt variant aspects of life that prevent them from celebrating life is misguided. This is because Christians have morals that allow then to enjoy their lives just like any other person. In fact, his argument is not universal since it only addresses Christians thus leaving a significant would population. Assuredly, Nietzsche discourages people from

Heart Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heart Cases - Essay Example The left foot is erythemic (red), edematous (swollen), very warm and painful to touch, consistent with cellulitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue) You observe infected puncture wounds over the dorsal surface and lateral malleolus. The patient admits to having a heroine addiction and injecting himself multiple times in these areas. During an examination of the patient you carefully assess heart sounds and discover a low murmer at the lower left sternal border. You suspect infective endocarditis and admit the patient to the hospital for intravenous antibiotic treatment.. 3. Trace the pathway bacteria must travel, naming the blood vessels, to reach the point of infection in the heart. The bacteria travels from the leg through the posterior tibial vein, anterior tibial vein, popliteal vein, great saphenous vein, common iliac vein, inferior vena cava and into the heart. 4. If a clump of bacteria or a blood thrombus should break off the site of infection in the heart, where would this embolus travel and what condition could it cause? Trace the path and name the vessels. The embolus would move into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary vein. Deep vein thrombosis A 58-year-old African American male was admitted from a nursing home with a chief complaint of being lethargic and not acting appropriately. The patient stated that his legs hurt, and they had been hurting for a long time. Hemolytic Anemia occurs due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells. It is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. 4. Describe the life cycle of a red blood cell. How are old and damaged erythrocytes disposed of and recycled? The life cycle of a mature erythrocyte is about 12O days. As these cells do not have a nucleus, they cannot split or synthesize new components. Therefore, the cells degenerate owing to damage or aging. At the end of its life, it returns to

Organisational Theory And Management In Practice Commerce Essay

Organisational Theory And Management In Practice Commerce Essay An organization is a structured social system consisting of groups of individuals working together to meet some agreed-on objectives. Organizational theory (OT) is the study of organizations for the benefit of identifying common themes for the purpose of solving problems, maximizing efficiency and productivity, and meeting he needs of stakeholders.   Consistently OT can be conceptualized as studying three major subtopics: individual processes, group processes and organizational process. Since organizations consider the field of public health from free clinic to refugee crisis support teams to research institutions, an understanding of organizations and how they work, helps public health professionals to be more effective participants in and leaders of organizations.      The first evaluate will try to accomplish the huge task of summarizing major concepts in organizational theory.   The three broad concepts that will be explored include:  individual processes, including  motivation theory,  personality theory, and  role theory;  group processes  including  working in groups/communication,  leadership, and  power and influence; and  organizational processes, as it relates to  organizational structure, and  organizational culture.   In the process a basically introduction to select organizational models will also be presented.  Organizational Issues: How well do the different units of care delivery fit with one another?   For example if the laboratory was contracted out to a lab several miles away, the hospital may be limited by the time it takes for medicine to be collected, transported, analyzed and transported back.   This process may also be on a schedule, (on the hour or half hour) which then adds the wait time for transportation.   An in-house lab staff might be considered, although cost of overhead and staffing would have to be considered for its cost.   What also is the climate in the organization, are works overall satisfied, dedicated, feel empowered to deliver excellent care?   Has the organization build and supported a culture of excellence? The second evaluate will carry on, Where is decision-making centralized, and what would be the benefits and disadvantages of diversifying sources of power?   In light of the patient population needs, what types of problems are most commonly seen?   Uniform vs. diversity pressures help to guide modes of action.   If a lot of non-acute conditions are presented to the hospital we might want to consider the utilization of an Urgent care model ancillary to maintaining the ER for acute condition. We will assume that acute issues, and staff related issues are not the problem, since resolving them would be self-explanatory.   We will consider only adjustments in organizational structure and design for the sake of relevance to the topic of OT.   For example, Queens Hospital consider a new model of care delivery, in which the Emergency Department diversifies to a decentralized model of management and adds new modes for care delivery.   The new process would look something like this : When a patient enters the hospital they are seen immediately by a Triage nurse.   The nurse has the option, after registration is complete, to one of three routes:   the nurse can channel a patient through the traditional method, to be seen by Emergency room physicians according to priority.   The nurse can also decide to transfer non-acute patients to urgent care center (an initiative of this hospital or a close center), or to initiate pre-approved protocols for common illnesses, (such as asthma) prior to visitation from the physician.   Utilizing this model has a few advantages.   By developing the structural complexity, patients can take service initiated and completed at a faster rate.   That is not only provide the hospital to see more patients, but it will improve consumers satisfaction.   Also job roles and responsibilities may increase the motivation of staff by maximizing their control of patient care.   Nurses can more effictively utilizie their professional skills and doctors can focus on patients with conditions or complications that require their skill and training. Reference: Organizational Theory by Kathryn Barzilai Management and Organisational Behaviour Plus MyLab Access Code  by Laurie J. Mullins  (Paperback  Ã‚  27 Apr 2010) 3.2 Analyse the relationship between management structure and culture and its effect on business performance Managers are people who guide an organization towards achievement of the business objectives (thetimes100, 2010). Management impacts the culture of the organization. Culture is an intangible set of practises that take their origins from socio, political, religious-norms and values of the society. Its the responsibility of management to develop a coherent culture that allows the members of organization to develop their individual and collective abilities. Thus having the right management structure that would assist in this regard is quite crucial. In the modern business environment when the rules for running the business have been formalized management is responsible for the overall running of the organization. The modern business employees the M-form (Multi-divisional form) or U-Form (Unitary form) of management structure depending on the type of firm. The structure of the firm is closely linked to its success (Abe, 1997).By classifying management into these two categories management of modern organizations have been able to focus on developing a structure that would best meet the needs of the organization. Management plays a key role in inducing the kind of organizational culture that could lead to organizational success. Management if effectively utilizes its potential it can induce a culture that would translate into motivated staff that feel associated with the core values of their organizations. It was the vision of the management of South West Airlines that transformed it into one of the most successful Low cost airline s of the world. Each member of the organization was valued by the company and their opinions were given important. Mintzberg suggested a topology of five different configurations of management structure whose various combinations could be used to manage an organization. These five components include The operation core , the strategic apex , the middle line , the techno structure and support staff ( Bedrouni et.al.,2009 ).Depending on the what component plays the key part in the operations of the organization there could be wide variety of coordination mechanism that could run the organization. When the strategic apex holds the key, management part that it is able to carry out direct supervision of over the staff and is a lot more control of the organization. As mentioned earlier every organization has got its own type of culture that is created as a result of several factors. A culture builds over a number of each and it is not easy to identify. According to Harrison culture can be categorized into four different types .These four types include Power, Role, Task/achievement and Person/Support Cultures (Harrison, 1986). In an organization power culture originates from a single source. This kind of culture stems in a situation where there are less procedures involved and members of the organization put a lot of faith in a single person that lies at the centre of the web (Naouman,2001 ).In the modern organizations where members are given great deal of importance individual culture could be most appropriate to describe them. In this type of culture a lot of focus is given to the individuals so that their interests are better served. The problem with this type of culture is that such individuals cannot be managed easily as organization is too concerned about appeasing them. In the role culture the focus is on the roles and the culture is associated with posts rather than individuals who are on them. Finally the task achievement culture encourages much more disciplined management style where achievement of the objectives is of paramount importance. For successful business operations execution it is important that organization that are running their operations overseas are fully aware of the type of cultures that exist in the other countries. E.g. in China people in the top management position are generally older people who are generally respected due to their age. A new manager coming from USA needs to be aware of the cultural norms of China otherwise he mind up end of upsetting senior Chinese officials and it would create an air of mistrust in the organization. Therefore success of business is closely linked with the induction of a culture that enhances the potential of the company employees and makes them feel responsible towards their company. An organization depending on its industry type needs to understand that what management style would be best suiting it. Due to non-tangible of culture it is paid less attention to by the senior managers and later it could give rise to lots of un-foreseen complication resulting in failure of organizations. References: Abe,E.,(1997)The Development of Modern Business in Japan The Business History Review , Vol.71.,No.2,pg299-308 Harrison , R. ( 1986 ) Understanding your organizations culture Harrison Associates Inc., C.A. Berkley rintegration of mergers and acquisitions Research Conference on the changing roles of management accounting as a control system The times 100(2010) Management structure and organisation [Online][Accessed on 15th November 2010]url:http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theorymanagement-structure-organisation264.php 3.3 Write about different motivational theories and their application and performance within the workplace There are a number of different opinions as to what motivates workers. The most iconic held theories are discussed below and have been developed over the last hundred years or so. Unfortunately these theories do not all reach the same conclusions. Motivation is the stimulus that can either be conscious or unconscious which acts as an incentive for achievement of goal ( Borkowski, 2010). The drive to achieve a goal is based on psychological or social factors. The building block for motivation includes expectation, behaviour, goals and some form of feedback ( Srivastava, 2005 ).What it means is that an individual may have a number of desires and expectation that could be driven by a person needs to gain higher position in an organization or to gain some kind of financial benefit . There are various number of motivational theories. Based on what has been stated in the literature motivational theories have been classified into two types by Borkowski (2010). These two groupings are based on content and process. Content theories or the need theories identify various factors that motivate people. Its the individual desire to satisfy inner needs that motivates them. It tries to look at the behaviour from the perspective of individual working in an organization. It is helpful for managers who want to understand the behaviour of their employees. The process theory looks at the behaviour itself that is generated by the individual. It sees that how behaviour is energized, directed, sustained and how it can be stopped (Borkowski, 2010). Motivational theories have gained significant importance as the co-relation between employee attitude towards his work and its impact on the quality of work has been analyzed. Motivation is not just about giving speeches but it is about ensuring higher level of staff satisfaction in the job role that they are in. There are a number of motivation theories that are in the literature. Two important motivational theories considered are as follows. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory It is one of the most popular theories that are stated about motivation. According to this theory human needs are put in a hierarchical form ( Koontz Weihrich,2006 ). These needs are ascending from the lowest to the highest. According to Maslow when one set of needs is satisfied at a certain level it no more becomes a motivational factor and person moves on to the next level. The various levels starting from bottom up as suggested in the figure are physiological needs, Security or safety needs, acceptance needs, Esteem needs and Need for self actualization. This theory helps the organization in better understanding the needs of its employees. The organization are made aware that if they want to satisfy the needs of their employees they have to provide an environment where their individual needs are satisfied on various levels. The categorization of needs into different levels helped in better understanding of how motivation works in the organization. Maslow theory though quite daring has been criticized as a simplistic division of individual needs. According to the critics such as Douglas T Hall and Khalil Nougaim ( Koontz Weihrich,2006). The needs the priority of needs may vary at the top depending on the individual. D:Rana_assignmentRAUFMaslowsTheory.png Maslow Model (Source: Koontz Weihrich, 2006 ) Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Herzbergs two factor theory is based on the actual research that was carried out by Herzberg. For establishing his theory he asked a number of employees to recall the instances when they felt motivated towards their work and the times when they felt frustrated. Based on what he observed Herzberg suggested that when certain factors are present in the work environment they lead to motivation of staff members and this absence causes dissatisfaction of employees towards their work (Davies, 2007). The satisfaction is closely related to the environment in which employees are working. Therefore management should provide the environment where employees feel satisfied with their work. This could include safe working condition, reasonable salary and benefits. The criticism of Herzberg theory is that motivational factor can be relevant. A single factor can be motivational for some and could cause job dissatisfaction for other people ( Borkowski,2010 ) e.g. for some a certain salary amount might be enough to motivate them where as some could see the same amount as far less and it could negatively impact their motivational level. The finally, all that great motivation theories does not include same point. Therefore, there is no single theory that gives the answers to all of the raised questions about motivation. What motivation is and how it impacts a person behaviour varies from individual to individual References: Borkowski, N.,(2010 ) Organizational Behavior in Health Care Jones Bartlett Learning Srivastava,S.,K.( 2005 ) Organizational Behaviour and Management Sarup Sons Koontz,H.,Weihrich,H.,(2006 ) Essentials Of Management Tata McGraw-Hill Borkowski,N.,(2010 ) Organizational Behavior in Health Care Jones Bartlett Learning Davies,S.,J.( 2007 ) Security Supervision and Management: The Theory and Practice of Asset Protection Butterworth-Heinemann 3.4 Evaluate the impact of technology on a given organization Communication technology has involved positive and negative effects on organizational communication, which is communication between people in the same organization. Organizations you belong to use organizational communication to establish communication patterns and systems. Communication technology, like email and teleconferences, makes organizational communication easily accessible. Using these methods of electronic communication can help make distance a non-factor in organizational communication .Also it helps you better collect data around the workplace, allowing her to make more informed decisions, such as how much of a raise you deserve . Technology also creates a more connected workplace. Electronic communication, like online forums, gives you a place to complain about work. Managers can obtain constructive criticism from your complaints and make changes in order to improve the workplace. In the past design and of computer system and products were not sensitive enough to use of ordinary users. They were complicated and could only be handled by the expert users. Punch cards were fed into system that required complex processing of data. With improvement in both computer hardware and softwares tasks became simpler and hardware devices became easier to manipulate. The large frame computers that required expensive cooling systems , which occupied large office space were replaced by desktops that could now perform the same time with many times greater efficiency in a short span of time . The paradigm shift in the development of modern technology can be attributed to the development of microprocessor. Microprocessor is a small intelligent device that takes inputs processes those produces outputs with a speed that cannot be comprehended by an ordinary person. Another consideration is that might be increased accessibility of organizational communication can complicate the boundaries between your work life and home life. Be wary of how you use communication technology. For example, it might not be a good idea to accept friend requests from managers on social networking websites in order to avoid crossing boundaries. Also impact of electronic communication on organizational communication depends on how management implements the technology in the workplace. For example, email becomes beneficial when used to schedule a company meeting. On the other hand, hackers are increasing threats to the network security. they can breach into the technological systems to get information about the individuals that they are not supposed to get. The employees are expected to perform their task with higher level of accuracy. This causes increase in stress level in the work place as failure to complete the task in an accurate manner could threaten the job of an employee. Softwares are creation of many months, years of individual hard work. With the increase in piracy an individual might not get rewarded for his efforts. Not everyone has got the right to access the information that is out there in organization system .Unauthorized access to the organizational resources could result hierarchical protocol getting violated and it could pose a challenge to the discipline of the organization. Therefore technology has had a positive impact on the organizational infrastructure in many ways. Still it has caused certain challenges that have to be dealt with in the modern business environment.

Rape- How Can We Change :: essays research papers

Rape– How Can We Change? Although the country has seen crime rates plummet in recent years, rape continues to be a major concern in America. According to Annette Fuentes’ article, "Crime Rates Are Down... But What About Rape?" in Ms. magazine, "an estimated fifteen percent of women are raped or molested at some point in their lives" (22). While big cities such as Boston, Dallas, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York have seen the rates of violent crimes such as murder, robbery, and aggravated assault plummet, rape has not been so fortunate. In most of these cities, reported cases of rape have declined by only a few percentage points, whereas in some of these cities, reported cases of rape have actually increased. Rape is an epidemic that is slowly plaguing our entire nation, and unless some drastic action is taken immediately, this epidemic may never be cured. If we are truly interested in having our nation cleansed of this disease, we must begin by removing from our minds the notion that rape occurs only among the poor. When asked to comment on the brutality of rape, Roger Crafts, the Dean of "Student Affairs" at Brandeis University said: "I do not think that we have a significant problem here because we have a sophisticated and intelligent group of students" (Sweet 93). Dean Crafts went on to mention that "vandalism and physical harm are more likely to occur with lower educational levels" (93). Mr. Crafts’ feelings on the subject of rape concur with those of "middle class America." Most of us feel that rape occurs only in the lower socioeconomic classes of America and not amongst those with higher educational backgrounds. Contrary to most of our beliefs, rape exists in the upper and middle classes as well, but in most cases goes unreported due to a various number of reasons. Fortunately, in recent years, the occurrences of violent rapes (those that are committed by unidentified men who forcibly attack women and then proceed to rape them) are slowly decreasing. Unfortunately, "date rapes," which were virtually unknown a generation ago, have now become commonplace. Unlike, violent rapes, a date rape is committed by someone who is known to the victim. In these types of situations, the rapist can sometimes be even the victim’s best friend. A "date rape" can leave emotional scars much deeper than those that are left from a violent rape because the prior is committed by someone whom the victim has an attachment to.

Explanatory Story

You will want to interview more than two people to get good material, but you must include quotations or paraphrases from two people who are identified by name and their university of Illinois affiliation or other local tie. At the end of your story, make an Informal source list. Include websites and background resources. Include contact Information for your Interviewees for possible use In verification. For both direct and indirect quotations, be sure to attribute your information to a primary source document, to your interviewees, or to other sources.Remember that o cannot use information from other news outlets. For example, instead of quoting the Associated Press, track down the sources the AP used and quote those documents or people from your own direct contact, if you want to use the information. Be sure to answer the who, what, when, where and why of your story. And the how. Explanatory stories tell how. You may use a feature lead or a summary lead. Possible outline l. Attenti on-getting lead that uses an anecdote or sets a scene (one or two paragraph II. Nut Graff. Why this is a story now – some sort of news peg that includes 5 Was.Ill. Quotation from source that backs up the lead or nut Graff. IV. More facts about topic. V. Quotation that explains the facts or reacts to them. VI. More facts, reaction, quotations VI'. Strong ending. Telling fact or punchy quotation. What kind of story An Interesting one. Http://www. Washington's. Com/WAP-sir/special/metro/urban- story describes owl encounters and Incorporates quotations. It also builds In natural links too map of the area and a Youth video. Communications Library; Enter 122 Gregory Hall and then go downstairs 2 to 5 Wednesdays and 1 to 5 Thursdays

Symbolism in Writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne often employed symbols in his stories. The literary term symbol is like an allusion placed in an image, action, thing or person (images and symbols). Symbols may be hard for readers to discover. It can be seen with the eye or not visible. One source described it as a word or object that stands for another word or object (Symbol). A Handbook to Literature states that a symbol is something that is itself and also stands for something else (509). Nathaniel Hawthorne is well known for using symbols of nature in many of his stories. In My Kinsman, Major Molineux, lead character, young Robin, comes to town with the expectation of a distant relative handing him a silver spoon. In this story Hawthorne uses†¦show more content†¦This is Hawthornes way of showing Robin his last chance to make the right choice, to become a man and make his own way in life. Robin chooses to ignore these signs and continue to request or demand his Kinsmans presence. Robin puts himself on a pedestal and expects everyone around him to find Molineux. Robin is rude and shows no regard for any of the people he encounters. In the end Robin is united with his Kinsman, who is tar-and-feathered with torches blazed the brightest, there the moon shone out like day (595). Hawthorne teaches a lesson in this story; Robin will not gain honor and prestige without hard work and good intentions. In Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne, again, emphasizes good versus evil. From the very beginning, the reader is introduced to Faith, who is a real character, but also the most obvious symbol of good. This story is about all the citizens who go to church every Sunday and portray the image of perfection, but when church is over they walk out the door and the reality of sin takes over. Brown is clearly struggling with his role in the community as a model Christian. He continuously steps over the line to the side of the Devil and temptation, only to be begged back to the angelic life with Faith. First he talks about the ...Devil himself should be at my very elbow and Faith kept me back awhile (Hawthorne 611). Brown is constantly being pulled from one side to the other. He soonShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne856 Words   |  3 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne once said, â€Å"I do not want to be a doctor and live by men’s diseases, nor minister to live by t heir sins, nor a lawyer and live by men’s quarrels. So, I don’t see that there is anything left for me but to be an author† (Nathaniel). This statement describes Hawthorne’s personality and life in a way that no other quote could. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an Anti-Transcendentalist writer meaning that he had a negative view of all humans. The Anti-Transcendentalist movement was a pessimisticRead MoreThe Use of Color Symbolism by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesIs it possible for an author to utilize so much symbolism that it captivates the reader to the extent of paralleling the tale with their own life? The principle of symbolism is quite evident in the story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Nathaniel Hawthorn’s work is immersed with symbolism with most of it deriving from his Puritan beliefs. The themes of sin, guilt, innocence, and lust come forth through the uses of color symbolism as well as visual clues. All of these things areRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1416 Words   |  6 Pagesin the hands of one who knows how to combine them.† A quote said by Nathaniel Hawthorne himself, which employs to anyone and everyone who has the knowledge of combining words to create literature. Hawthorne, born in 1804, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, the Dark Romanticism author lived with some injuries, such as the death of his father. Yet, the wealth of his uncles helped him follow the dreams of becoming a writer. Hawthorne originally had no â€Å"w† in his name, yet he wanted to separate himselfRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Fever 1254 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem Massachusetts. His father died of yellow fever when he was 4 years old and left behind a wife and 3 children. Hawthorne was raised by an abnormal and solitary mother. â€Å"He had a leg injury at a young age, which left him not being able to move for months (Biography)†. His leg injury, on the other hand, did not get in the way of what he was dreaming of doing growing up. During the time of his leg injury, Hawthorne developed anRead MoreAllegory and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†1203 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an excellent example of the use of allegories and symbolism as a form of satire on Puritan faith. According to Frank Preston Stearns, author of The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Hawthorne may have intended this story as an exposure of the inconsistency, and consequent hypocrisy, of Puritanismâ⠂¬  (Stearns 181). Throughout the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne tries to infuse as many symbols and allegories as he can to enhance the overallRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1602 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne is an American writer, known for his popular novel, The Scarlet Letter, and his various short stories. Much of his writings are categorized in the dark romanticism genre and centered in the Puritan New England society. His rhetorical style consists mainly of the incorporation of various rhetorical terms, notably imagery and symbolism, and morality, in order to teach the audience a lesson. Hawthorne also uses a similar dark and mysterious tone throughout his novels and short storiesRead MoreGothic Literature : The Dark Side Of Romanticism1518 Words   |  7 PagesGothic literature is the dark side of Romanticism. The theme of Gothic stories is either mysterious, horror, or even death. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan P oe are authors that demonstrate Gothic literature. Some of their work include, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Cask of Amontillado tells how the narrator Montresor seeks revenge on his acquaintance, Fortunato. Montresor to desperate measures and did not catch. However, inRead More Scarlet Critique Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesLetter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in 1850. It was based on the Puritans of the 1600s, which were revived in Hawthornes era. Hawthorne descended from Puritan heritage and harbored a sense of guilt and hatred for their way of life. He used many themes and literary techniques in The Scarlet Letter including symbolism and irony. He emphasized the individuals role in the community and the role of women in society. Hawthorne used romanticism as opposed to the classical correctness of writing. RomanticismRead MoreThe Writings Of Nathaniel Hawthorne And Flannery O Connor1022 Words   |  5 PagesReligio-historical objects are things of crafted pieces of writing that reveal the realities of religious subjects through the perspective visions of their author (C.J Bleeker). Compared to an artist who has a muse, writers also have a â€Å"muse† something that influences their writing. Whether it is a personal experience, religious belief, or common morals writers derive the context within their writing from many different aspects of life. One thing most authors derive their ideas from is their religionRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown from a Moral Standpoint1352 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts. At the age of four, his father passed away from yellow fever, forcing his family to move in with his uncle. The positively influential Uncle Robert Manning pushed H awthorne to succeed in school and insisted he go to college. Following his education at Bowdoin College, Hawthorne spent years in isolation mastering the art of writing. It was during those years when Hawthorne discovered that his ancestors were founders and Puritan leaders of the Salem